Jquery noConflict()

jQuery

Jquery noConflict()

By Dhananjay yadav → September 21, 2018

What is noConflict() method in jQuery?
This is very important to differentiate scripts when we are using many JavaScript framework in our project.As we know jQuery uses dollar symbol ($) as shortcut. There are many other popular frameworks are there as Angular JS,Knockout JS,Kendo JS,Backbone JS,Ember ,Vue etc.
Suppose i one of these frameworks is using the $ symbol as shortcut then one of the scripts either jQuery or othe framework implemented parallel may stop working. noConflict is a method to avoid such situation in script.

We can create our self defined symbol or string as shortcut for jQuery. noConflict() return a reference and we can store this reference in a variable.

Example of noConflict() and self defined shortcut:

var jq = $.noConflict();
jq(document).ready(function(){
    jq("button").click(function(){
        jq("p").text("Hi there,Conflict resolved");
    });
});

Most Common Jquery Functions in various Interviews

jQuery

Most Common Jquery Functions in various Interviews

By Dhananjay yadav →

jQuery is a rich library and a very lightweight framework to provide javascript enhanced and modified functionality to our web page.
This is so popular because it has number of functions events, chaining properties and they make it convenient as well as easy to use.
Find some beautiful functions and their explanations in one line.

show(): display a hidden dom , set a style property display as Block.
hide(): Hide the selector from dom tree, visible on browser.
animate(): Apply animation effetcs with selectors.
empty(): Empty the the dom and also removes the child elements.
remove(): remove selector dom from tree
removeClass():remove class or classes from selectors
addClass():add class or classes to the selectors
toggleClass():add and remove simultaneously
stop():stop the propagation of event.
fadeIn():hide dom with a fading down effect.
fadeOut():display dom with a fadind out effect.
val():get the value of form elements.
text():get the text in dom.
html():get the HTML in dom.
child():find the child elements in dom.
parent():find the immediate parent elelment of the dom.
parents():find the parents of parent of selector in the dome tree .
siblings():find the parellel elements in the dom tree.
slideDown():display the dom with a sliding to downwards effect.
slideUp():hisde the dome with a sliding to up effect.
attr():get the attribute of DOM.
append():add the given object to the selector one after one, in a stack style. Object is added as last child always.
prepend():add the given object to the selector , but the object is added as the first child always.
after():add an object just after the selector.
before():add and object just before the selector.
css():add some inline css properties to the selector.
first():get the first element in the childs.
last():get the last element in the child.
eq():find the object of equal index passed to it.
noConflict():avoid conflicts with other javascript framework using $ as shortcut symbol.

jQuery Events Frequently asked in various Interviews

jQuery

jQuery Events Frequently asked in various Interviews

By Dhananjay yadav →

Jquery events are attached with some function and function called when event triggers. On a web page actions taken by visitors are events. They can be responded accordingly as click,change,blur,focus,keypress etc. Some common events as categorised as :
Mouse Events : click,dblclick,hover
Keyboard Events : keypress,keydown,keyup
Form Events : change,select,focus,blur
Window : load,scroll,resize

Most Common events and their explanation in one line:

click(): event is triggered when an element is clicked.
change(): event is triggered when the value of a form field is changed.
focus(): event is triggered when a form field is focused.
blur(): event is triggered when a form field is blured.
hover(): event is triggered when moue pointer hover the element.
focusin(): event is triggered when the chield of and element is focused.
focusout(): event is triggered when the chiled of an element is blured.
keydown(): event is triggered when a key from keyboard is pressed down.
keypress(): event is triggered when a key is pressed .keypress event is not fired for ALT, CTRL, SHIFT, ESC.
keyup(): event is triggered when a pressed key is released.
load(): event is triggered when a dom is loaded.
unload(): event is triggered when a dom is unloaded.
mouseenter(): event is triggered when mouse pointer enters the area.
mousedown(): event is triggered when left mouse button is clicked.
mouseout(): event is triggered when mouse pointer leaves the area.
on(): on event is used to add additional handler to dom element.
submit(): event is triggered when form is submitted.
scroll(): event is triggered when the window is scrolled.
select(): event is triggered when the a form element is selected, in combobox or dropdown list.
ready(): event is triggered when the dom is ready and loaded in tree.
resize(): event is triggered when window dimensions are resized.

80 PHP functions asked in any Interview

PHP

80 PHP functions asked in any Interview

By Dhananjay yadav → September 11, 2018

This post contains the list of PHP functions that are frequently asked in various interview from freshers as well as experienced candidates. These are the parts of basic and core PHP. One must be familiar with these functions, I have just mentioned the definition in one line for each functions.They are frequently used in our application. Hope you will find this helpful.

1. strlen() : returns the length of string passed.
2. stristr() : returns rest of the string after the first occurence of a string in another string.
3. stripos() : find the position of the first occurence of the string in another string.
4. strip_tags() : returns string from html tags.
5. strchr() : find first occurence of a string in another string and returns rest of the string.
6. str_word_count() : returnd number of words in a string.
7. str_split() : returns an array of charecters that string contains, when passed to it.
8. str_replace() : search and replace a substring in a string by another substring.
9. str_pad() : provide a virtual length to a string. It adds desired charecter to a string to make it up to required length.
10. str_repeat() : Return a repeated string by a number of times.
11. str_getcsv() : Parse a string to get the fields for CSV.
12. rtrim() : remove white spaces from a string from right side.
13. ord() : When we need to find ASCII value of the first charecter of the string we use ord().
14. nl2br() : Conver all the new line charecters to BR tag of HTML.
15. strstr() : returns rest of the string after the first occurence of a string in another string, find only case sensitive string.
16. strtok() : breaks a strings into substrings
17. strtoupper() : convert the case of string into uppercase.
18. strtolower() : convert the case of string into lowercase.
19. substr() : return a substring from a string of a length and from starting position.
20. trim() : removes the white spaces from a string from left and right.
21. ucfirst() : convert the case of first letters of all words in a string to uppercase.
22. wordwrap() : break lines after a length.
23. print() : output the result string when passed to it.
24. print_r() : prints a resources ,object or an array along with the indexes.
25. unlink() : delete a file from its location.
26. unset() : set the value of a variable undefined.
27. isset() : check whether the variable is defined or not.
28. empty() : check whether an array is empty.
29. array_chunk() : breaks an array into chunks of small arrays.
30. array_combine() : combine two arrays of equal size where one is used for keys and another one is used for values.
31. array_count_values() : count and returns the number of values of an array
32. array_diff() : returns an array having difference between two arrays.
33. array_flip() : flip key and value simultaneously.
34. array_filter() : filter the values of an array based on a callback function.
35. array_key_exists() : returns true if a key exists in an array.
36. array_keys() : returns the array of keys from an array.
37. array_map() : apply some operation on each value of an array and return a new array with modified values.
38. array_merge() : merge the values of two array while retaining their keys.
39. array_merge_recursive() : merge multidimensional arrays.
40. array_push() : add a new value in an array at the end.
41. array_rand() : select some random keys from an array.
42. array_replace() : replace values in an array from the values in another array.
43. array_reverse() : reverse the order of array and return new array.
44. array_search() : search a value in an array and return the key of the value.
45. array_shift() : remove the first element in an array.
46. array_sum() : sum up all the values in an array.
47. array_unique() : remove all the replicated values in an array.
48. array_values() : returns an array of values with numeric index.
49. array_walk() : Go to each value and run over an user defined function.
50. array_walk_recursive() : Does the same recursively for an array.
51. compact() : The compact() function creates an array from variables and their values.
52. asort() : Sort an array values in ascending order.
53. arsort() : Sort an array values in descending order.
54. in_array() : returns true if a value find in an array.
55. key() : return the key from the current pointer position.
56. krsort() : sort and array based on keys and in descending order.
57. ksort() : sort and array based on keys and in ascending order.
58. range() : create an array from the range passed to it.
59. date_create() : create a new dateTime object.
60. date_create_from_format() : Create a user defined date from given format.
61. date_diff() : returns difference between two dates.
62. date_sub() : suntracts some period of time from a given date.
63. date() : output the current date and time based on parameters given to it.
64. gettimeofday() : output current time.
65. gmmktime() : output UNIX time for GMT.
66. localtime() : returns local time as UNIX timestamp.
67. strtotime() : convert a string having datetime information into UNIX date.
68. time() : eturn the current time.
69. ceil() : returns the next interger value of the floating number passed to it.
70. floor(): returns the next lowest integer value
71. abs() : returns the absolute value passed to it.
72. base_convert() : convert the base of number system.
73. is_nan() : check whether a value is Not a Number.
74. is_infinite() : check wherther a value is Infine.
75. max() : find the max value from an array.
76. min() : find minimum value from an array.
77. mt_rand() : based on Mersenne Twister algorithm creates a random number.
78. rand() : generate a random number
79. round() : returns a floating point number up to a particular place of decimal point.
80. sqrt() : returns the square root of the value passed to it.

Hooks in CodeIgniter

PHP

Hooks in CodeIgniter

By Dhananjay yadav →

Hooks in CodeIgniter

In code igniter hooks are the points before and after the execution where we can call some specific functions. These functions are called hooks and points where we call hooks are called hook point. Hooks are usefull when we have to make some changes throught the application , then we can do this without hacking all the files, just adding one hook at appropriate point. We can modify the way of usual rendering in code igniter application. So hooks facilitates modification in functionality without changing the core.

How we can use a hook in code igniter framework?
Before we use any hook in application we need to enable the hook in config.php file.Set the enable_hook config variable : TRUE,

$config['enable_hooks'] = TRUE;


The framework provide number of Hook Points to ease the development and modification in application:

[1]pre_system:
The pre_system is called very early during system execution. Only the benchmark and hooks class have been loaded at this point.

[2]pre_controller:
As per the name just called before any of your controllers being called. When all the base classes are loaded, routing and security checks are done a pre_controller hook is called.

[3]post_controller_constructor:
The hook is called just after the controller class instantiated but none of the method is called.


[4]post_controller:
Called immediately after your controller is fully executed.

[5]display_override:
We have the _display() function in our core and we use it to render our view on browser after execution of all programms.
display_override allow use to display our own content at desired places.

$this->CI => get_instance();
$this->CI->output->get_output();


[6]cache_override:
We can call our own function instead of _display_cache() function using the cache_override hook. We can define our own cache display mechanism.

[7]post_system:
At the end of the system execution when final rendering is done post_system is called.



Define a hook :
A hook is defined in the hooks.php file located at application/config

Example for define a pre_controller hook:

$hook['pre_controller'] = array(  
            'class' => 'Classname',  
            'function' => 'functionname',  
            'filename' => 'filename.php',  
            'filepath' => 'hooks',  
            'params' => array('element1', 'element2', 'element3')  
            );  

Wordpress Dashboard - Tutorial 4

Wordpress Tutorial

Wordpress Dashboard - Tutorial 4

By Dhananjay yadav → September 10, 2018

Admin Login

• Give the user name and password .
• Check the remember box as the browser will remind the login and password next time.

Dashboard area contains the following main tools and links:

• Welcome section
• Main menu(side menu)
• Top menu
• Admin area
• Screen option
• Help option
• Quick draft section
• At a glance section
• Activity section

Welcome Section

• This section has some important links which used frequently.
• We can customize our site look as we click on Customize Your Site button.
• Direct links to add an about page, to write the first blog.
• We can turn on/turn off comments by external user on our posts from here.
• We can visit our menu and widget systems from the link given.  

Screen Options:

• Screen option shows a group of check boxes.
• Each check box is for a particular section.
• If it is checked the section is on the screen on the dashboard .
• Unchecked boxes hide the section from dashboard.
• Ex - we have to hide the Welcome section from screen. We will uncheck it.

...

WordPress Installation : Tutorial 3

Wordpress Tutorial

WordPress Installation : Tutorial 3

By Dhananjay yadav →

WordPress Installation

Before install a WordPress we should ensure that we have already created a database , where we have to create the WordPress tables with a prefix name .Default is prefix is wp_. We should have the following information as we are going to install the WordPress:

• Database Name: wordpress
• User name: root
• Password: by default blank
• Hostname:localhost

Steps:

1. Put the database name as you have created in the database field. It appears “wordpress” by default.
2. Give the mysql user name, which is root by default.
3. Give the password of mysql , if you have’n define , then let the password field blank.
4. Give the host name as running on default port, localhost.
5. Give a prefix for the table name , which are being install in database.
   
    

A wp-config.php file is created, containing the information about database, username, password etc, at the time of installation.

Wordpress Minimum Requirement : Tutorial 2

Wordpress Tutorial

Wordpress Minimum Requirement : Tutorial 2

By Dhananjay yadav →

Chapter:2-Before Installation

Minimum Requirement of a system to run the WordPress

• We need a server to run the PHP script, because PHP is a server side script and WordPress is based on PHP.
• WAMP Server which is-Windows Apache MySQL PHP
  • Any WAMP which has PHP 5.2.4 or above and MySQL 5.0 or above.
  • Download WAMP from: http://www.wampserver.com
• Download Source code of WordPress from: http://wordpress.org/downloads
• Latest version of WordPress is wordpress-3.8.1 (as on 03-04-2014)
• Latest of WAMP is 2.2 having
  • Apache 2.2.22
  • Mysql 5.5.24
  • PHP 5.3.13
  • PhpMyadmin 3.4.10.1
• Apache is an open source web server , which is available in free. Apache is the one of the most popular and the most lovable web server by the web developers across the world.
• Separately we can download from: http://www.apache.org
• MySQL is the most preferred open source RDBMS .
• Very identical to MSSQL and other RDBMSs.
• PHP(PHP Hypertext Preprocessor) is an open source server side scripting language having the features of OOPS and syntax similar to C Programming and Perl.
• PHP provide a rich library to manipulate data and make most of the complicated data operations easy.

WordPress Inroduction : Tutorial 1

Wordpress Tutorial

WordPress Inroduction : Tutorial 1

By Dhananjay yadav →

Chapter1: WordPress Inroduction

What is WordPress:

• WordPress is a world famous Open Source CMS. Based on PHP as an open source server side scripting language.
• WordPress is a free and open source blogging tool and a content management system (CMS) based on PHP and MySQL, which runs on a web hosting service.Features include a plug-in architecture and a template system.
• WordPress is used by more than 18.9% of the top 10 million websites as of August 2013. WordPress is the most popular blogging system in use on the Web, at more than 60 million websites.
• Architecture of template:

History:

• WordPress started in 2003 with a single bit of code to enhance the typography of everyday writing and with fewer users than you can count on your fingers and toes. Since then it has grown to be the largest self-hosted blogging tool in the world, used on millions of sites and seen by tens of millions of people every day.
• It was first released on May 27, 2003, by its founders, Matt Mullenweg and Mike Little,as a fork of b2/cafelog. As of February 19, 2014, version 3.8 had been downloaded more than 20 million times.The license under which WordPress software is released is the GPLv2 (or later) from the Free Software Foundation.

Content Management Bystem (CMS) 

• A Computer Application that allows publishing, editing and modifying content  as well as maintenance from a central interface.
• CMSs are often used to run websites containing blogs, news, and shopping. Many corporate and marketing websites use CMSs. CMSs typically aim to avoid the need for hand coding but may support it for specific elements or entire pages.
• The function and use of content management systems is to store and organize files, and provide version-controlled access to their data. CMS features vary widely. Simple systems showcase a handful of features, while other releases, notably enterprise systems, offer more complex and powerful functions. Most CMS include Web-based publishing, format management, revision control (version control), indexing, search, and retrieval. The CMS increments the version number when new updates are added to an already-existing file.

Architecture of wordpress template:

CakePHP Advance : Most Common Interview Questions and Answers

PHP

CakePHP Advance : Most Common Interview Questions and Answers

By Dhananjay yadav → September 6, 2018

What is HMAC?
HMAC means Hash-based Message Authentication Code . This is a authentication code used with combination of an encryption key and a hash function.


What is Asset.cacheTime ?
Asset.cacheTime sets the asset cache time. This determines the http header Cache-Control’s max-age, and the http header’s Expire’s time for assets.


What is DSN?
DSN is Data Source Name. A connection string format that is formed like a URI. CakePHP supports DSN’s for Cache, Database, Log and Email connections.

What is PaaS?
Platform as a Service. Platform as a Service providers will provide cloud based hosting, database and caching resources. Some popular providers include Heroku, EngineYard and PagodaBox.

How we can use Cache in CakePHP?
Caching in CakePHP is facilitated by the Cache class. This class provides a static interface and uniform API to interact with various Caching implementations.


What types of Caching Engine does CakePHP provide?
1-FileCache-uses files.
2-ApcuEngine - uses the PHP APCu extension.
3-Wincache - uses the Wincache extension.
4-MemcachedEngine - uses the Memcached extension.
5-RedisEngine - uses the phpredis extension.


What is the default cache file path?
Path to where cache files should be saved. Defaults path is system's temp dir.

How to read a Cache Object in CakePHP?
Using Cache class we can read the object as given below:

$posts=Cache::read('posts');

How to write a Cache Object in CakePHP?
Using Cache class we can write the object as given below:

    Cache::write('posts',$posts);

How to remove an object completely from Cache?
Using Cache class we can delete the object as given below:

    Cache::delete('posts');

Can we read,write and delete multiple objects at a time?
Yes , we can do cache operations on multiple objects using functions like:

    Cache::deleteMany(['posts','comments','users']);
    Cache::readMany(['posts','comments','users']);
    Cache::writeMany(['posts'=>$posts,'comments'=>$comments,'users'=>$users]);

What is difference between Cache:clear() and Cache::delete() ?
Cache:clear() removes the values from associated with keys and empty them to hold new values, where as Cache:delete() removes the object completely from cache.

How can we disable or enable cache glaoblly in CakePHP?
We don't need to disable all Cache read & writes and to expiration. We can do this using enable() and disable():

    Cache::disable();
    Cache::enable();

What are the different log levels in CakePHP?
1-Emergency: system is unusable
2-Alert: action must be taken immediately
3-Critical: critical conditions
4-Error: error conditions
5-Warning: warning conditions
6-Notice: normal but significant condition
7-Info: informational messages
8-Debug: debug-level messages


What is CakeRequest?
CakeRequest is the default request object used in CakePHP. By default, CakeRequest is assigned to $this->request, and is available in Controllers, Views and Helpers.


What are different ways to access the parameters in CakePHP?
Following ways :

$this->request->controller;
$this->request['controller'];
$this->request->params['controller'];

How can we access the Passed Argumets from URI in CakePHP?
Way to access the Passed Argumets in CakePHP as:

$this->request->pass;
$this->request['pass'];
$this->request->params['pass'];

How can we access the Named Parameters from URI in CakePHP?
Way to access the Named Parameters in CakePHP as:

$this->request->named;
$this->request['named'];
$this->request->params['named'];

How can we read Query String Parameters?
We can read these paameters using Cake Request Handler :

  // url is as : /posts/index?page=1&sort=title
  $this->request->query['page'];

How can we detect the request type?
We can check any request as :

$this->request->is('post');
$this->request->is('get');
$this->request->is('ajax');
$this->request->is(['put','post']);

How to detect environment in CakePHP?

$this->request->addDetector(
    'post',
    array('env' => 'REQUEST_METHOD', 'value' => 'POST')
);

How to detect pattern value in CakePHP?

$this->request->addDetector(
    'iphone',
    array('env' => 'HTTP_USER_AGENT', 'pattern' => '/iPhone/i')
);

How to detect options in CakePHP?

$this->request->addDetector('internalIp', array(
    'env' => 'CLIENT_IP',
    'options' => array('192.168.0.101', '192.168.0.100')
));

How to detect callback in CakePHP?

$this->request->addDetector(
    'awesome',
    array('callback' => function ($request) {
        return isset($request->awesome);
    })
);

How to find the root directory of the the application?
$this->request->webroot;

How to find the base path in CakePHP?
$this->request->base;

How to find the full address of the current request in CakePHP?
$this->request->here;